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Long-term Live-cell Visualization and Quantification of LPS-treated Macrophages

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Studying macrophage activation requires continuous monitoring of both morphological and biochemical changes in live cells, which conventional endpoint assays cannot provide. Holotomography, combined with the TomoChamber stage-top incubator, enables long-term label-free time-lapse imaging of macrophages under physiological conditions with quantitative single-cell analysis. This note covers both short- and long-term monitoring of LPS-induced activation, with a practical protocol for live-cell HT imaging setup.

- Label-free 3D RI tomograms of LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages at 0, 8, and 24 hours
- Quantitative single-cell analysis: volume, surface area, sphericity, mean RI, protein concentration, and dry mass
- Short-term (2-hour) time-lapse monitoring of individual macrophage RI changes in real time
- Step-by-step protocol for TomoDish plating, TomoChamber live-cell setup, and TomoStudio analysis
macrophage activation LPS stimulation label-free live cell imaging holotomography long-term time-lapse single cell analysis immune cell imaging refractive index tomography dry mass protein concentration cell morphology TomoChamber inflammation

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