Label-free Classification of Cell Death Pathways

Accurately distinguishing different cell death pathways is critical in cytotoxicity testing and drug development, yet conventional assays require labeling or fixation that disrupt live cell observation. Holotomography captures the distinct 3D morphological and refractive index signatures of each cell death mode in real time without any staining. Combined with an AI deep-learning classifier, the HT-X1™ enables automated, label-free cell death classification with earlier detection than conventional assays.

What's inside

- Label-free 3D RI signatures for apoptosis (Fas ligand), necroptosis (TNF-α + z-VAD), and necrosis (NaOH) in HeLa cells

- AI deep-learning classifier achieving 99.3% accuracy across five cell states from label-free HT images

- Early detection of necroptosis 2–4 hours before conventional Annexin V/PI assays become positive

- Applications in cytotoxicity screening, mechanism-of-action studies, and dynamic cell-fate analysis

Keywords

cell death classification apoptosis detection necroptosis necrosis label-free imaging holotomography AI cell classification deep learning microscopy cytotoxicity screening drug discovery refractive index tomography live cell imaging HT-X1

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